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System Design

System Design practice

Delivery guarantees
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A queue promises at-least-once delivery. What must every consumer do?
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Scale it, distribute it, keep it reliable
The architecture pillar of senior interviews — horizontal scaling and load balancing, caching strategies, database sharding and replication, the CAP theorem and consistency models, message queues and delivery guarantees, and reliability patterns (circuit breakers, rate limiting, idempotency, Bloom filters). Concept-first questions that build the vocabulary and judgment to reason about real distributed systems. Part of the Developer track.
• Meets you at your level — never too easy, never too hard.
• Adapts every question to how you’re doing.
• Tracks your level over time. Skill practice, not a test.

New here? Read the System Design guide

A free 16-minute primer — the mental model, the mistakes beginners make, and what to practice first.

Curriculum

292 concepts across 31 chapters, from foundations through advanced practice — each one a concept the adaptive question bank can teach and test.

A. Foundations of distributed design

10

B. Capacity estimation and the math of scale

10

C. Scaling axes and compute topology

9

D. Load balancing and traffic distribution

10

E. CDNs, the edge and network delivery

9

F. Caching and invalidation

10

G. Partitioning and sharding

10

H. Replication

11

I. Consistency models, CAP and PACELC

10

J. Consensus and leader election

10

K. Clocks, time and ordering

9

L. Transactions and sagas across services

10

M. Messaging, queues and delivery semantics

10

N. Event-driven architecture, CQRS and event sourcing

9

O. API design and service boundaries

10

P. Storage engines, indexes and search

10

Q. Rate limiting, load shedding and backpressure

10

R. Timeouts, retries and circuit breakers

10

S. Failure modes and their signatures

10

T. Observability, SLOs and error budgets

10

U. Deployment and safe change

9

V. Multi-region, disaster recovery and data locality

9

W. Data modeling, database selection and indexes

20

X. Service discovery, meshes and the request path

6

Y. Stream and batch processing

8

Z. Design building blocks and the interview method

13

AA. Case studies at scale

7

AB. Security, trust boundaries and compliance

7

AC. Web protocols and delivery basics

7

AD. Advanced coordination and replication

5

AE. Infrastructure and operational practice

4
View the full curriculum →
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System Design on exams

System Design is one of the skills tested on these exams. Each prep page lays out what the real test covers and where this skill fits.
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