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Greek & Roman Mythology curriculum

10 chapters
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227 concepts
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Everything the adaptive question bank can teach and test in Greek & Roman Mythology, from foundations through advanced practice. Work through it in order, or start practising and let the questions find your level.
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A free 13-minute primer — the mental model, the mistakes beginners make, and what to practise first.
A. The Olympians
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Which gods make the canonical twelve, and the variant lists.
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Zeus, Poseidon and Hades dividing sky, sea and underworld.
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Sky, thunderbolt, kingship, and guest-friendship.
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Xenios, Horkios, Soter and what each cult title governs.
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Marriage and childbirth, the peacock, and her persecution of Zeus's offspring.
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Sea, earthquakes and horses; the trident and the bull.
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Grain and harvest, and the Eleusinian connection.
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Sprung fully armed from Zeus's head after he swallowed Metis.
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Olive, owl, aegis; wisdom and strategic warfare.
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Athena's olive beating Poseidon's saltwater spring.
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Prophecy, music, healing, plague, and later the sun.
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The hunt, wild animals, childbirth, and later the moon.
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The twins' persecuted mother and the floating island.
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War as violence and panic vs war as strategy and discipline.
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Hesiod's sea-foam from Uranus vs Homer's daughter of Dione.
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The forge, his lameness, and being thrown from Olympus.
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The marriage, the net, and Ares.
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Messenger, psychopomp, trade and theft; the caduceus.
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Stealing Apollo's cattle and inventing the lyre on day one.
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Wine, ecstasy and theatre; the twice-born god.
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The hearth, and giving up her seat in some tellings.
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The full Greek-to-Roman name mapping.
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Gods with no clean counterpart in either direction.
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Attribute objects and animals as identification keys in art.
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What even Zeus cannot override, including fate.
B. Creation and the Titans
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Chaos first, then Gaia, Tartarus and Eros.
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Night and Darkness and their abstract offspring.
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Earth and Sky as the first ruling pair.
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Cronus and the sickle at Gaia's instigation.
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The Furies, the Giants and the Meliae.
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The foam-born goddess in Hesiod's account.
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Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Cronus and their sisters.
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Devouring his children to escape the prophecy.
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The swaddled stone substituted for the infant Zeus.
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Raised in secret, hidden by the Curetes' noise.
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Ten years of war between Titans and Olympians.
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The weapon that decided the war.
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The hundred-handers released as allies and jailers.
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He holds up the SKY, not the earth — the classic trap.
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Stealing fire in a fennel stalk for humanity.
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Rigging the sacrificial portions in humanity's favor.
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The eagle, the liver, and release by Heracles.
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The first woman, made as retribution for the fire.
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A jar, not a box — Erasmus's mistranslation.
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What it means that hope alone stayed inside.
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Golden through iron in Works and Days.
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The last challenger to Zeus, and the mother of monsters.
C. Heroes and their cycles
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Hera's madness and the crime the labors expiate.
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The king who assigns the labors, and why.
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Impenetrable hide, strangled, worn as armor.
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Regenerating heads, and Iolaus cauterizing the stumps.
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The capture labors that require restraint, not force.
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Diverting rivers, and why the labor was discounted.
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Driven out with Hephaestus's bronze rattle.
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The two beast-capture labors and the Diomedes episode.
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The Amazon labor and how it turned violent.
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The far-western labor and the Pillars of Heracles.
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Atlas's errand and the trick that returns the sky.
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Fetching the hound of Hades as the final labor.
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Nessus's poisoned shirt, Deianira's mistake, and apotheosis.
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Danae, the shower of gold, and Acrisius's prophecy.
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The mirrored shield, the winged sandals, and the cap of invisibility.
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The sea monster and the boast of Cassiopeia.
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The head used as a weapon on return.
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The tribute, the labyrinth, and Ariadne's thread.
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The forgotten signal and Aegeus's death.
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The road to Athens, Phaedra, and the descent to Hades.
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Pelias's charge and the voyage of the Argo.
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The sorceress who makes the quest possible.
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Corinth, betrayal, and the killing of the children.
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Lemnos, the Symplegades, the tasks at Colchis, and Talos.
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Pegasus, the Chimera, and the fall from hubris.
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Exposure, the boar hunt, and the golden apples.
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The music that moved Hades, and the look back.
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The labyrinth's architect and the wax wings.
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The Sphinx's riddle and the prophecy structure.
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Cadmus, the Spartoi, the Seven, and the Epigoni.
D. The Trojan War
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Eris's apple and the three goddesses' bribes.
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The pact that obliges Helen's suitors to fight.
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Abduction or elopement, and the tradition's ambivalence.
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The sacrifice that buys a wind, and the variant rescue.
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The wrath of Achilles across weeks of year ten, ending at Hector's funeral.
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Agamemnon, Briseis, and the withdrawal from battle.
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Thetis, Peleus, and the wedding where the apple was thrown.
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A post-Homeric detail, absent from the Iliad.
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Long obscure life or short glorious one.
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Fighting in Achilles's armor, and the death that ends the withdrawal.
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Troy's defender, the duel, and the dragging of the body.
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The night visit that closes the poem.
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The armor contest, the madness, and the suicide.
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Apollo's gift of prophecy and the curse of disbelief.
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The abandoned archer and the bow the Greeks must retrieve.
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The image whose theft is a precondition of the city's fall.
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Odysseus's plan, told in the Odyssey and Aeneid, NOT the Iliad.
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The warning ignored and the liar believed.
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The night of the fall and the sacrileges committed in it.
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Clytemnestra, Aegisthus, and the bath.
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The inherited curse from Tantalus to Orestes.
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The scattered returns of the other Greek leaders.
E. The Odyssey
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In-media-res opening, the flashback at Phaeacia, and the return.
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Telemachus's journey, with Athena disguised as Mentor.
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The siege of the household as the poem's real problem.
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The first two stops and the loss of purpose.
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The blinding, the "Nobody" trick, and the boast that dooms the crew.
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Why the sea god's anger is the engine of the whole plot.
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The winds released by the crew within sight of home.
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The giant cannibals and the loss of eleven ships.
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Men turned to swine, and the moly that protects Odysseus.
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The visit to the dead and Tiresias's prophecy.
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Wax for the crew, the mast for the captain.
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The deliberate choice to lose six rather than all.
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Thrinacia, the sacrilege, and the last shipwreck.
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Seven years, immortality refused, and the gods' intervention.
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The hospitality that finally carries him home.
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Guest-friendship as the poem's governing moral standard.
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The old dog who recognizes him and dies.
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Recognition by the boar-hunt scar.
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The weaving trick that stalls the suitors for years.
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The contest, the slaughter, and the final recognition token.
F. Underworld and afterlife
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The rivers, the gates, and the regions of the realm.
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Styx, Acheron, Cocytus, Phlegethon and Lethe.
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The ferryman's fare and the fate of the unburied.
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The guard dog who lets souls in but not out.
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Ruler, not devil; wealth of the earth; rarely worshipped by name.
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The abduction, the pomegranate seeds, and the divided year.
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The seasons as an aetiological myth.
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The pit of punishment, as far below Hades as earth is below sky.
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The blessed fields and who is admitted.
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The neutral majority's afterlife.
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The stone, and WHY: he cheated death twice.
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Food and water forever out of reach, and the crime behind it.
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The burning wheel, punishment for violating guest-friendship.
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Filling a leaking vessel forever.
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The vultures and the regenerating liver.
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Minos, Rhadamanthus and Aeacus.
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Drinking to erase the previous life.
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The hero's descent as a story type, and who survives it.
G. Ovid and the transformation tales
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A continuous poem from creation to Caesar, linked by transformation.
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The flood, and repopulating by throwing stones.
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Unreciprocated voice and self-consuming reflection.
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The weaving contest and the spider.
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Boasting of children against Leto, and the weeping stone.
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The wish and the retraction in the river Pactolus.
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Judging against Apollo, and the barber who could not keep the secret.
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Eros's two arrows, the pursuit, and the laurel.
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The sculptor and the statue brought to life.
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Hospitality to disguised gods, rewarded with the intertwined trees.
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The wall, the lion, and the mulberry's color.
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Seeing Artemis bathing, becoming a stag, killed by his own hounds.
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Felling the sacred grove and being cursed with insatiable hunger.
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Atrocity, revenge, and the birds they become.
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The flute contest with Apollo and its brutal outcome.
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The sun chariot, the scorched earth, and the Heliades turned to amber.
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Transformation into a bear and catasterism as the Great Bear.
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Turned to a heifer, watched by Argus, and the wanderings to Egypt.
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The bull, the crossing, and the naming of a continent.
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Sowing dragon's teeth and founding Thebes.
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Asking to see Zeus unveiled, and the twice-born child.
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Grief transformed into flower and tree.
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The merged body and the spring's reputation.
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Unrequited love turned toward the sun.
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Placement among the stars as a closing transformation.
H. Roman myth and legend
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Escape from Troy carrying Anchises, and the mission to Italy.
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The love affair, the departure, and the curse.
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The token that permits the descent to the underworld.
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The parade of unborn Romans in the underworld.
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Turnus, Lavinia, Camilla and Evander.
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Roman history depicted in advance on the armor.
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Duty to gods, family and state as the Roman heroic virtue.
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The she-wolf, the augury contest, and the founding quarrel.
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The abduction and the treaty that follows.
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From Romulus to Tarquin the Proud.
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The outrage that ends the monarchy.
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Founding the Republic and condemning his own sons.
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Holding the crossing against an army.
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Dictatorship accepted and relinquished.
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Exile, revenge, and the appeal of his mother.
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Returning to captivity to keep an oath.
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Betrayal for gold and the rock named after her.
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Two faces, doorways and beginnings; no Greek counterpart.
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The state hearth and the priesthood that tends it.
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Father of Romulus, and far more honored than Greek Ares.
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Household gods and the domestic cult.
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The prophetess, the books, and the price the king paid.
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Chance and boundaries as deified Roman abstractions.
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Civic ritual as the living face of Roman myth.
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Tinia, Tages, Charun and haruspicy behind Roman practice.
I. Monsters, creatures, and minor divinities
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Three sisters, of whom only Medusa is mortal.
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The grey sisters sharing one eye and one tooth.
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Lion, goat and serpent in one body.
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The riddler of Thebes and her Egyptian cousin's difference.
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Wild by rule, with Chiron the learned exception.
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Tutor of heroes, immortal, who trades away his immortality.
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Greek and Roman versions of the same wild figure.
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The god of flocks and the fear named for him.
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Dryads, naiads, nereids, oceanids and oreads.
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Snatchers who defile what they cannot carry off.
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The bronze guardian of Crete and his single vein.
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The bull-headed offspring of Pasiphae in the labyrinth.
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Hesiod's smiths vs Homer's pastoral savages.
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Nine daughters of Mnemosyne and their domains.
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Clotho spins, Lachesis allots, Atropos cuts.
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Charites and Seasons as attendant triads.
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Erinyes as avengers of kin-murder and broken oaths.
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Victory and retribution as personified powers.
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Two messengers and the division of their errands.
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Crossroads, witchcraft and the triple form.
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Sleep and Death as twin brothers.
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Eternal life granted without eternal youth.
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Distinct sun gods conflated only later.
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Healing, the single-snake rod, and death for raising the dead.
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The medical trap: Asclepius's staff is not Hermes's wand.
J. Sources, scholarship, and deep cuts
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Theogony's systematic genealogy vs Homer's narrative assumptions.
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Roman, literary and late — many "Greek myths" are Ovid's version.
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The Bibliotheca as a systematic handbook of the tradition.
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Individual hymns as the source for several major stories.
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The lost poems that fill the gaps around the Iliad and Odyssey.
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Local cult and monument evidence from a travel writer.
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Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides reshaping the myths.
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Why two incompatible versions can both be canonical.
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Reading myth as distorted history, and its limits.
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Stories that exist to explain a name, rite or feature.
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The earth-born Athenian king raised by Athena.
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The first mortal seer, who understood animal speech.
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The Eleusinian hero who spread agriculture.
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The transformation and the judgement that blinded him.
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Shape-shifting sea powers and the malign smiths.
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